Amfani da metasurfaces don haɓaka riba da keɓewar eriyar PCB mai faɗi don tsarin sadarwar 5G sub-6 GHz

Wannan aikin yana ba da shawarar haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar haɗaɗɗiyar shigarwa mai yawa (MIMO) metasurface (MS) wideband eriya don tsarin sadarwar mara waya ta 6 GHz ƙarni na biyar (5G). Babban sabon sabon salo na tsarin MIMO da aka gabatar shine faffadan bandwidth ɗin sa, riba mai yawa, ƙananan share fage, da kyakkyawan keɓewa a cikin abubuwan MIMO. Wurin da ke haskakawa na eriya an yanke shi a diagonal, wani yanki na ƙasa, kuma ana amfani da metasurfaces don inganta aikin eriya. Haɗin samfurin eriya MS guda ɗaya da aka tsara yana da ƙaramin girma na 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ. Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo da aunawa suna nuna fa'idar aiki mai faɗi daga 3.11 GHz zuwa 7.67 GHz, gami da mafi girman ribar da aka samu na 8 dBi. An tsara tsarin MIMO mai nau'i-nau'i hudu ta yadda kowane eriya ta kasance daidai da juna yayin da yake riƙe ƙaramin girma da fa'ida daga 3.2 zuwa 7.6 GHz. Samfurin MIMO da aka tsara an ƙirƙira shi kuma an ƙirƙira shi akan ƙasa na Rogers RT5880 tare da ƙarancin asara da ƙarancin girman 1.05? 1.05? 0.02?, kuma ana kimanta aikin sa ta amfani da tsarin rufaffiyar murabba'in rufaffiyar zobe tare da tsagawar zoben 10 x 10. Abubuwan asali iri ɗaya ne. Metasurface na baya da aka tsara yana rage tasirin eriya ta baya kuma yana sarrafa filayen lantarki, don haka inganta bandwidth, riba, da keɓewar abubuwan MIMO. Idan aka kwatanta da eriyar MIMO data kasance, eriyar MIMO mai tashar tashar jiragen ruwa 4 da aka tsara ta sami babban riba na 8.3 dBi tare da matsakaicin ƙarfin gabaɗaya har zuwa 82% a cikin rukunin 5G sub-6 GHz kuma yana cikin kyakkyawar yarjejeniya tare da sakamakon da aka auna. Bugu da ƙari, eriyar MIMO da aka haɓaka tana nuna kyakkyawan aiki dangane da haɗin haɗin ambulaf (ECC) na ƙasa da 0.004, samun bambancin (DG) na kusan 10 dB (> 9.98 dB) da babban keɓe tsakanin abubuwan MIMO (> 15.5 dB). halaye. Don haka, eriyar MIMO na tushen MS da aka tsara ta tabbatar da dacewarta don cibiyoyin sadarwa na sub-6 GHz 5G.
Fasahar 5G wani ci gaba ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin sadarwar mara waya wanda zai ba da damar hanyoyin sadarwa masu sauri da aminci ga biliyoyin na'urorin da aka haɗa, samar da kwarewar mai amfani tare da jinkirin "sifili" (latency na ƙasa da 1 millisecond), da gabatar da sabbin fasahohi, gami da na'urorin lantarki. Kula da lafiya, ilimin tunani. , birane masu wayo, gidaje masu wayo, gaskiyar gaskiya (VR), masana'antu masu fasaha da Intanet na Motoci (IoV) suna canza rayuwarmu, al'umma da masana'antu1,2,3. Hukumar Sadarwa ta Tarayya ta Amurka (FCC) ta raba bakan 5G zuwa maƙallan mitar mitoci huɗu4. Mitar mitar da ke ƙasa 6 GHz tana da sha'awar masu bincike saboda tana ba da damar sadarwa mai nisa tare da ƙimar bayanai masu girma5,6. Rarraba bakan bakan 5G na sub-6 GHz 5G don sadarwar 5G na duniya an nuna shi a hoto na 1, yana nuna cewa duk ƙasashe suna yin la'akari da bakan GHz 6 GHz don sadarwar 5G7,8. Eriya wani muhimmin sashi ne na cibiyoyin sadarwar 5G kuma za su buƙaci ƙarin tashar tushe da eriya ta tashar mai amfani.
Microstrip faci eriya suna da fa'ida daga bakin ciki da lebur tsarin, amma an iyakance a bandwidth da gain9,10, da yawa bincike da aka yi don ƙara riba da bandwidth na eriya; A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an yi amfani da metasurfaces (MS) a cikin fasahar eriya, musamman don inganta riba da fitarwa11,12, duk da haka, waɗannan eriya suna iyakance ga tashar jiragen ruwa guda ɗaya; Fasahar MIMO wani muhimmin al'amari ne na sadarwa mara waya saboda yana iya amfani da eriya da yawa a lokaci guda don watsa bayanai, ta haka inganta ƙimar bayanai, ingancin gani, ƙarfin tashar, da amincin13,14,15. Eriya na MIMO sune yuwuwar 'yan takara don aikace-aikacen 5G saboda suna iya aikawa da karɓar bayanai akan tashoshi da yawa ba tare da buƙatar ƙarin iko16,17. Tasirin haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan MIMO ya dogara ne akan wurin abubuwan MIMO da kuma samun eriyar MIMO, wanda babban kalubale ne ga masu bincike. Figures 18, 19, da 20 suna nuna nau'ikan eriya na MIMO da ke aiki a cikin 5G sub-6 GHz band, duk suna nuna kyakkyawan keɓewa da aiki na MIMO. Koyaya, riba da bandwidth aiki na waɗannan tsarin da aka tsara ba su da yawa.
Metamaterials (MMs) sabbin kayan aiki ne waɗanda ba su wanzu a cikin yanayi kuma suna iya sarrafa raƙuman ruwa na lantarki, ta haka inganta aikin antennas21,22,23,24. MM yanzu ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin fasahar eriya don haɓaka ƙirar radiation, bandwidth, riba, da keɓancewa tsakanin abubuwan eriya da tsarin sadarwar mara waya, kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin 25, 26, 27, 28. A cikin 2029, tsarin MIMO mai nau'i huɗu na tushen tushen. metasurface, wanda sashin eriya ya kasance sandwiched tsakanin metasurface da ƙasa ba tare da tazarar iska ba, wanda ke inganta aikin MIMO. Duk da haka, wannan ƙira yana da girman girma, ƙananan mitar aiki da tsari mai rikitarwa. An haɗa bandgap na lantarki na lantarki (EBG) da madauki na ƙasa a cikin eriyar MIMO mai faffadan tashar jiragen ruwa 2 da aka tsara don haɓaka keɓance abubuwan MIMO30. Eriyar da aka ƙera tana da kyakkyawan aikin bambancin MIMO da keɓancewa mai kyau tsakanin eriyar MIMO guda biyu, amma ta amfani da abubuwan MIMO guda biyu kawai, ribar za ta yi ƙasa kaɗan. Bugu da kari, in31 kuma ya ba da shawarar eriyar MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa biyu mai fa'ida (UWB) kuma yayi bincike akan aikinta na MIMO ta amfani da sinadarai. Kodayake wannan eriya tana da ikon yin aikin UWB, ribar ta ba ta da yawa kuma keɓantacce tsakanin eriya biyu mara kyau. Aiki a cikin32 yana ba da shawarar tsarin MIMO mai tashar 2-tashar ruwa wanda ke amfani da madaidaicin bandgap na lantarki (EBG) don haɓaka riba. Kodayake tsararrun eriya ta haɓaka tana da babban riba da kyakkyawan aikin bambancin MIMO, girman girman sa yana da wahala a yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin sadarwa na gaba. An haɓaka wani eriyar watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shirye a cikin 33, inda aka haɗa mai nuni a ƙarƙashin eriya tare da babban rata na 22 mm, yana nuna ƙaramin ƙimar 4.87 dB. Takarda 34 tana tsara eriyar MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa huɗu don aikace-aikacen mmWave, wanda aka haɗa tare da layin MS don haɓaka keɓewa da samun tsarin MIMO. Koyaya, wannan eriya tana ba da riba mai kyau da keɓewa, amma yana da iyakanceccen bandwidth da ƙarancin kayan aikin injiniya saboda babban gibin iska. Hakazalika, a cikin 2015, an ƙera eriyar MIMO mai nau'i-nau'i uku, mai tashar jiragen ruwa 4-tashar bowtie mai haɗe-haɗe don sadarwar mmWave tare da matsakaicin riba na 7.4 dBi. Ana amfani da B36 MS a bayan eriyar 5G don haɓaka ribar eriya, inda metasurface ke aiki azaman mai nuni. Koyaya, tsarin MS yana da asymmetric kuma ba a biya hankali sosai ga tsarin tantanin halitta ba.
Dangane da sakamakon binciken da ke sama, babu ɗayan eriyar da ke sama da ke da babban riba, kyakkyawan keɓewa, aikin MIMO da ɗaukar hoto mai faɗi. Sabili da haka, har yanzu akwai buƙatar eriyar MIMO na metasurface wanda zai iya rufe kewayon mitoci na 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz tare da riba mai yawa da keɓewa. Idan aka yi la'akari da iyakokin wallafe-wallafen da aka ambata a sama, tsarin eriyar MIMO mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida da kyakkyawan aiki iri-iri ana samarwa don tsarin sadarwar mara waya ta 6 GHz. Bugu da ƙari, eriya ta MIMO da aka tsara tana nuna kyakkyawan keɓewa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO, ƙananan raƙuman abubuwa, da babban ingancin radiation. An yanke facin eriya a diagonal kuma an sanya shi a saman metasurface tare da ratar iska na 12mm, wanda ke nuna hasken baya daga eriya kuma yana haɓaka ribar eriya da kai tsaye. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da eriya ɗaya da aka tsara don ƙirƙirar eriyar MIMO mai abubuwa huɗu tare da mafi girman aikin MIMO ta hanyar sanya kowane eriya a kai a kai ga juna. An haɗa eriyar MIMO da ta haɓaka a saman tsararrun MS 10 × 10 tare da jirgin baya na tagulla don haɓaka aikin fitar da iska. Ƙirar tana da kewayon aiki mai faɗi (3.08-7.75 GHz), babban riba na 8.3 dBi da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici na 82%, da kuma kyakkyawan keɓewa fiye da -15.5 dB tsakanin abubuwan eriyar MIMO. An ƙirƙira eriyar MIMO na tushen MS ta amfani da fakitin software na lantarki na 3D CST Studio 2019 kuma an inganta ta ta hanyar nazarin gwaji.
Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken gabatarwa ga tsarin gine-ginen da aka tsara da kuma tsarin ƙirar eriya ɗaya. Bugu da ƙari, an tattauna sakamakon da aka kwatanta da kuma lura dalla-dalla, ciki har da sigogi na watsawa, riba, da ingantaccen aiki tare da kuma ba tare da metasurfaces ba. An ƙirƙiri eriyar samfur ɗin akan ƙaramin ƙaramin dielectric na Rogers 5880 tare da kauri na 1.575mm tare da madaidaicin dielectric na 2.2. Don haɓakawa da kwaikwaya ƙira, an yi amfani da fakitin na'urar kwaikwayo ta lantarki ta CST studio 2019.
Hoto na 2 yana nuna ƙirar gine-gine da ƙirar ƙirar eriya guda ɗaya. Dangane da ingantattun daidaiton lissafi37, eriya ta ƙunshi tabo mai raɗaɗi da madaidaiciyar rahusa da kuma jirgin ƙasa na jan karfe (kamar yadda aka kwatanta a mataki na 1) kuma yana sake faɗi tare da kunkuntar bandwidth a 10.8 GHz, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3b. Girman farko na radiator na eriya an ƙaddara ta hanyar alaƙar lissafi mai zuwa37:
Inda \(P_{L}\) da \(P_{w}\) suke tsayi da faɗin facin, c yana wakiltar saurin haske, \(\gamma_{r} \) shine madaidaicin dielectric na substrate. . , (\gamma_{reff} An inganta jirgin baya na eriya a mataki na biyu, yana ƙara yawan bandwidth na impedance duk da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi na 10 dB. A cikin mataki na uku, ana matsar matsayin mai ciyarwa zuwa dama, wanda ke inganta bandwidth na impedance da matching impedance na eriya38 da aka tsara. A wannan matakin, eriya tana nuna kyakkyawan bandwidth mai aiki na 4 GHz kuma yana rufe bakan da ke ƙasa 6 GHz a cikin 5G. Mataki na huɗu kuma na ƙarshe ya haɗa da etching ramukan murabba'i a sasanninta dabam-dabam na tabo. Wannan ramin yana haɓaka bandwidth na 4.56 GHz sosai don rufe bakan-6 GHz 5G daga 3.11 GHz zuwa 7.67 GHz, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 3b. Ana nuna ra'ayoyin hangen nesa na gaba da ƙasa na ƙirar da aka tsara a cikin Hoto 3a, kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙira da ake buƙata sune kamar haka: SL = 40 mm, Pw = 18 mm, PL = 18 mm, gL = 12 mm, fL = 11. mm, fW = 4.7 mm, c1 = 2 mm, c2 = 9.65 mm, c3 = 1.65 mm.
(a) Sama da ra'ayoyi na baya na eriyar da aka ƙera (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) S-parameter lankwasa.
Metasurface kalma ce da ke nufin jeri na sel naúrar lokaci-lokaci wanda yake a wani tazara da juna. Metasurfaces hanya ce mai tasiri don inganta aikin radiation na eriya, gami da bandwidth, riba, da warewa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO. Saboda tasirin yaduwar igiyar ruwa ta saman, metasurfaces suna haifar da ƙarin ƙararrawa waɗanda ke ba da gudummawa ga ingantaccen aikin eriya39. Wannan aikin yana ba da shawarar ƙungiyar epsilon-negative metamaterial (MM) mai aiki a cikin rukunin 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz. A MM tare da wani surface yanki na 8mm × 8mm aka ɓullo da a kan wani low asarar Rogers 5880 substrate tare da dielectric akai na 2.2 da kauri na 1.575mm. Ingantattun facin resonator na MM ya ƙunshi zoben tsagaggen madauwari na ciki da ke haɗe da zoben tsagaggen waje guda biyu da aka gyara, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 4a. Hoto 4a yana taƙaita ingantattun sigogi na ƙarshe na saitin MM da aka tsara. Daga baya, 40 × 40 mm da 80 × 80 mm metasurface yadudduka an haɓaka ba tare da jirgin baya na tagulla ba kuma tare da jirgin baya na tagulla ta amfani da tsararrun tantanin halitta 5 × 5 da 10 × 10, bi da bi. An tsara tsarin MM da aka tsara ta amfani da software na ƙirar lantarki na 3D "CST studio suite 2019". Samfurin ƙirƙira na tsarin tsararrun MM da aka tsara da saitin auna (mai nazarin hanyar sadarwa na tashar jiragen ruwa biyu PNA da tashar jiragen ruwa) an nuna shi a cikin Hoto 4b don inganta sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na CST ta hanyar nazarin ainihin amsa. Saitin ma'aunin ya yi amfani da Agilent jerin hanyoyin sadarwa na cibiyar sadarwa na PNA a haɗe tare da adaftan coaxial na waveguide guda biyu (A-INFOMW, lambar ɓangaren: 187WCAS) don aikawa da karɓar sigina. An sanya tsari na 5 × 5 samfuri tsakanin adaftan coaxial na waveguide guda biyu da aka haɗa ta kebul na coaxial zuwa na'urar nazarin hanyar sadarwa ta tashar jiragen ruwa guda biyu (Agilent PNA N5227A). Ana amfani da Agilent N4694-60001 kit ɗin calibration don daidaita mahaɗin cibiyar sadarwa a cikin injin matukin jirgi. Simulators da CST da aka lura da sigogin watsawa na samfurin MM tsararrun da aka tsara ana nuna su a cikin Hoto 5a. Ana iya ganin tsarin MM da aka tsara yana sake yin tasiri a cikin kewayon mitar 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz. Duk da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin bandwidth na 10 dB, sakamakon da aka kwaikwaya da na gwaji suna kama da juna. Mitar resonant, bandwidth, da amplitude na resonance da aka lura sun ɗan bambanta da waɗanda aka kwaikwayi, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5a. Waɗannan bambance-bambancen tsakanin sakamakon da aka lura da na kwaikwayi sun kasance saboda ƙarancin masana'anta, ƙananan sharewa tsakanin samfuri da tashoshin jiragen ruwa, tasirin haɗakarwa tsakanin tashoshin jiragen ruwa da tsararru, da haƙurin aunawa. Bugu da kari, daidaitaccen wuri na samfuri da aka haɓaka tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa mai jagora a cikin saitin gwaji na iya haifar da jujjuyawar rawa. Bugu da ƙari, an lura da ƙarar da ba a so a lokacin lokacin daidaitawa, wanda ya haifar da bambance-bambance tsakanin sakamakon ƙididdiga da ƙididdiga. Koyaya, baya ga waɗannan wahalhalun, ƙirar ƙirar MM array da aka tsara tana aiki da kyau saboda ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙa tsakanin kwaikwayo da gwaji, yana mai da shi dacewa da aikace-aikacen sadarwar mara waya ta 6 GHz 5G.
(a) Geometry cell (S1 = 8 mm, S2 = 7 mm, S3 = 5 mm, f1, f2, f4 = 0.5 mm, f3 = 0.75 mm, h1 = 0.5 mm, h2 = 1 .75 mm) (CST) STUDIO SUITE)) 2019) (b) Hoton saitin ma'aunin MM.
(a) Kwaikwayo da tabbatarwa na tarwatsa ma'aunin ma'auni na samfurin metamaterial. (b) Dielectric akai-akai mai lankwasa na tantanin halitta na MM.
An yi nazarin ingantattun sigogi masu dacewa kamar ingantaccen dielectric akai-akai, karfin maganadisu, da fihirisar ratsawa ta amfani da ginanniyar dabarun aiwatarwa na na'urar na'urar lantarki ta CST don ƙarin nazarin halayen tantanin halitta na MM. Ana samun ma'auni na MM masu tasiri daga sigogi masu rarraba ta amfani da hanyar sake ginawa mai ƙarfi. Ana iya amfani da ma'auni masu rarrabawa da tunani masu zuwa: (3) da (4) don tantance ma'anar refractive da impedance (duba 40).
Haƙiƙanin ɓangarori na haƙiƙanin ma'aikaci suna wakilta da (.)' da (.)” bi da bi, kuma ƙimar lamba m ta yi daidai da ainihin ma'anar refractive. Dielectric akai-akai da permeability an ƙaddara su ta hanyar dabara \ (\varepsilon {} = {} n/z, \) da \ (\ mu = nz \), waɗanda suka dogara akan impedance da refractive index, bi da bi. An nuna ingantaccen lanƙwan dielectric akai-akai na tsarin MM a hoto na 5b. A mitar resonant, ingantaccen dielectric akai mara kyau. Figures 6a,b suna nuna ƙimar da aka fitar na ingantaccen iya aiki (μ) da ingantacciyar ƙididdiga (n) na tantanin halitta da aka tsara. Musamman ma, abubuwan da aka cire suna nuna kyawawan dabi'u na gaske kusa da sifili, wanda ke tabbatar da kaddarorin epsilon-negative (ENG) na tsarin MM da aka gabatar. Haka kuma, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 6a, resonance a permeability kusa da sifili yana da alaƙa mai ƙarfi da mitar resonant. Tantanin halitta da aka haɓaka yana da ƙididdiga mara kyau (Fig. 6b), wanda ke nufin cewa ana iya amfani da MM da aka tsara don inganta aikin eriya21,41.
An ƙirƙira ƙirar ƙirar eriya ɗaya ce don gwada ƙirar da aka tsara. Figures 7a,b suna nuna hotunan samfurin eriya ɗaya da aka tsara, sassan tsarin sa da saitin ma'aunin filin kusa (SATIMO). Don inganta aikin eriya, ana sanya metasurface da aka haɓaka a cikin yadudduka ƙarƙashin eriya, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 8a, tare da tsayi h. An yi amfani da metasurface mai Layer 40mm x 40mm a bayan eriyar guda a tazarar 12mm. Bugu da kari, an sanya wani metasurface tare da jirgin baya a gefen baya na eriya guda a nesa na 12 mm. Bayan yin amfani da metasurface, eriya ɗaya tana nuna gagarumin ci gaba a cikin aiki, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Figures 1 da 2. Figures 8 da 9. Hoto 8b yana nuna ma'auni na simulators da auna ma'auni don eriya ɗaya ba tare da tare da metasurfaces ba. Yana da kyau a lura cewa rukunin ɗaukar hoto na eriya tare da metasurface yayi kama da rukunin ɗaukar hoto na eriya ba tare da metasurface ba. Figures 9a,b suna nuna kwatancen simintin eriya da aka lura da riba guda ɗaya da ingantaccen aiki gabaɗaya ba tare da MS ba a cikin bakan aiki. Ana iya ganin cewa, idan aka kwatanta da eriyar da ba ta metassurface, an inganta ribar eriyar metasurface sosai, yana ƙaruwa daga 5.15 dBi zuwa 8 dBi. Riba na metasurface mai Layer guda ɗaya, metasurface mai Layer-Layer, da eriya ɗaya tare da metasurface na baya ya ƙaru da 6 dBi, 6.9 dBi, da 8 dBi, bi da bi. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran metasurfaces (Layer-Layer da biyu-Layer MCs), ribar eriyar metasurface guda ɗaya tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe ya kai 8 dBi. A wannan yanayin, metasurface yana aiki azaman mai haskakawa, yana rage hasken bayan eriya da sarrafa igiyoyin lantarki a cikin lokaci, ta haka yana haɓaka ingancin hasken eriya kuma don haka riba. An nuna binciken gabaɗayan ingancin eriya ɗaya ba tare da tare da metasurfaces ba a hoto na 9b. Ya kamata a lura cewa ingancin eriya tare da kuma ba tare da metasurface kusan iri ɗaya ne. A cikin ƙananan kewayon mitar, ingancin eriya yana raguwa kaɗan. Gwajin gwaji da kwaikwayi riba da ingantacciyar ma'amala suna cikin yarjejeniya mai kyau. Koyaya, akwai ƴan banbance-banbance tsakanin samfuran kwaikwaiyo da waɗanda aka gwada saboda lahani na masana'anta, juriyar ma'auni, asarar haɗin tashar tashar SMA, da asarar waya. Bugu da kari, eriya da MS reflector suna tsakanin nailan spacers, wanda wani batu ne da ke shafar sakamakon da aka lura idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon kwaikwayo.
Hoto (a) yana nuna eriya ɗaya da aka kammala da abubuwan haɗinta. (b) Saitin auna kusa da filin (SATIMO).
(a) Haɓakar Eriya ta yin amfani da masu nuna alamun metasurface (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019). (b) Abubuwan kwaikwayi da na gwaji na eriya ɗaya ba tare da MS ba.
Sakamakon kwaikwaiyo da aunawa na (a) nasarar da aka samu da (b) cikakkiyar ingancin eriyar tasirin metasurface da aka tsara.
Binciken ƙirar ƙirar beam ta amfani da MS. An gudanar da ma'auni na eriya ɗaya kusa da filin a cikin SATIMO Kusa da Filin Gwaji na Laboratory Systems na UKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems. Figures 10a, b suna nuna simulators da kuma lura E-jirgin sama da kuma H-plane radiation alamu a 5.5 GHz don shirin da eriya guda tare da kuma ba tare da MS. Ƙirƙirar eriya guda ɗaya (ba tare da MS ba) tana ba da daidaitaccen tsarin radiyo na biyu tare da ƙimar lobe na gefe. Bayan yin amfani da abin da aka tsara na MS, eriyar tana ba da tsarin radiyo na unidirectional kuma yana rage matakin lobes na baya, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Figures 10a, b. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ƙirar eriya ɗaya da aka gabatar ta fi kwanciyar hankali kuma ba ta kai tsaye tare da ƙananan baya da lobes na gefe yayin amfani da metasurface tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe. Matsakaicin tsararren tsararrun MM da aka tsara yana rage lobes na baya da gefen eriya yayin haɓaka aikin radiation ta hanyar jagorantar halin yanzu a cikin kwatancen unidirectional (Fig. 10a, b), ta haka yana haɓaka riba da kai tsaye. An lura cewa tsarin gwajin gwajin gwajin ya kusan kama da na simintin CST, amma ya ɗan bambanta saboda rashin daidaituwar abubuwan da aka haɗa daban-daban, haƙurin aunawa, da asarar igiyoyi. Bugu da kari, an saka nailan spacer tsakanin eriya da mai nuna MS, wanda wani lamari ne da ke shafar sakamakon da aka lura idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon lambobi.
An ƙirƙira ƙirar radiation na eriya ɗaya da aka haɓaka (ba tare da MS ba kuma tare da MS) a mitar 5.5 GHz kuma an gwada shi.
Ana nuna lissafin eriya ta MIMO da aka tsara a cikin Hoto na 11 kuma ya haɗa da eriya guda huɗu. Abubuwan da aka tsara guda huɗu na eriyar MIMO an shirya su kai tsaye da juna akan madaidaicin girman 80 × 80 × 1.575 mm, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto 11. Eriyar MIMO da aka ƙera tana da nisan tsaka-tsaki na 22 mm, wanda ya fi ƙanƙanta da nisa tsakanin abubuwa mafi kusa na eriya. Eriya ta MIMO ta haɓaka. Bugu da ƙari, wani ɓangare na jirgin ƙasa yana samuwa a cikin hanya ɗaya da eriya ɗaya. Mahimman ƙima na eriyar MIMO (S11, S22, S33, da S44) waɗanda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 12a suna nuna ɗabi'a iri ɗaya azaman eriyar abu guda ɗaya da ke sake fitowa a cikin rukunin 3.2-7.6 GHz. Don haka, madaidaicin bandwidth na eriyar MIMO daidai yake da na eriya ɗaya. Tasirin haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan MIMO shine babban dalilin ƙananan asarar bandwidth na eriyar MIMO. Hoto 12b yana nuna tasirin haɗin kai akan abubuwan MIMO, inda aka ƙaddara mafi kyawun keɓance tsakanin abubuwan MIMO. Warewa tsakanin eriya 1 da 2 shine mafi ƙanƙanta a kusan -13.6 dB, kuma keɓance tsakanin eriya 1 da 4 shine mafi girma a kusan -30.4 dB. Saboda ƙananan girmansa da faɗin bandwidth, wannan eriya ta MIMO tana da ƙananan riba da ƙananan kayan aiki. Ƙunƙarar ƙura yana da ƙananan, don haka ana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfafawa da rufi;
Tsarin ƙira na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara (a) kallon sama da (b) jirgin sama. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
Tsarin lissafi da hanyar zumudi na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara ana nunawa a cikin Hoto 13a. An tsara matrix 10x10mm tare da girma na 80x80x1.575mm don gefen baya na eriyar MIMO mai tsayi 12mm, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 13a. Bugu da ƙari, metasurfaces tare da jiragen baya na jan karfe an yi nufin amfani da su a eriyar MIMO don inganta aikin su. Nisa tsakanin metasurface da eriyar MIMO yana da mahimmanci don cimma babban riba yayin ba da damar tsangwama mai ma'ana tsakanin raƙuman ruwa da eriya ta haifar da waɗanda ke nunawa daga metasurface. An yi babban ƙirar ƙira don haɓaka tsayi tsakanin eriya da metasurface yayin kiyaye ƙa'idodin raƙuman ruwa na kwata don mafi girman riba da keɓewa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO. Mahimman ci gaba a cikin aikin eriya na MIMO da aka samu ta amfani da metasurfaces tare da jirage na baya idan aka kwatanta da metasurfaces ba tare da jiragen baya ba za a nuna su a cikin surori masu zuwa.
(a) Saitin simintin CST na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara ta amfani da MS (CST STUDIO SUITE 2019), (b) Madaidaicin madaidaicin tsarin MIMO da aka haɓaka ba tare da MS ba kuma tare da MS.
Ana nuna alamun eriya na MIMO tare da kuma ba tare da metasurfaces ba a cikin Hoto na 13b, inda aka gabatar da S11 da S44 saboda kusan halaye iri ɗaya na duk eriya a cikin tsarin MIMO. Yana da kyau a lura cewa -10 dB impedance bandwidth na eriyar MIMO ba tare da tare da metasurface ɗaya ba kusan iri ɗaya ne. Sabanin haka, bandwidth na impedance na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara an inganta ta MS mai dual-layer da MS na baya. Yana da kyau a lura cewa ba tare da MS ba, eriyar MIMO tana ba da ƙarancin bandwidth na 81.5% (3.2-7.6 GHz) dangane da mitar cibiyar. Haɗa MS ɗin tare da jirgin baya yana ƙara girman bandwidth na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara zuwa 86.3% (3.08-7.75 GHz). Ko da yake dual-Layer MS yana haɓaka kayan aiki, haɓakar bai kai na MS ba tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe. Haka kuma, dual-Layer MC yana ƙara girman eriya, yana ƙara farashin sa, kuma yana iyakance kewayon sa. An ƙirƙira eriyar MIMO da aka ƙirƙira tare da tantancewa don tabbatar da sakamakon kwaikwaiyo da kimanta ainihin aikin. Hoto 14a yana nuna ƙirar MS Layer da eriyar MIMO tare da abubuwa daban-daban da aka haɗa, yayin da Hoto 14b yana nuna hoton tsarin MIMO da aka haɓaka. An ɗora eriyar MIMO a saman ƙashin ƙugu ta amfani da nailan sarari huɗu, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 14b. Hoto na 15a yana nuna hoton saitin gwaji na filin kusa na tsarin eriya na MIMO. An yi amfani da mai nazarin hanyar sadarwa na PNA (Agilent Technologies PNA N5227A) don kimanta sigogi masu rarrabawa da kuma kimantawa da kuma kwatanta halayen filaye kusa da a cikin UKM SATIMO Near-Field Systems Laboratory.
(a) Hotunan ma'aunin SATIMO kusa da filin (b) Simulated da na gwaji na eriyar S11 MIMO tare da kuma ba tare da MS.
Wannan sashe yana gabatar da nazarin kwatankwacin simintin S-parameters na eriyar 5G MIMO da aka tsara. Hoto 15b yana nuna makircin tunani na gwaji na haɗe-haɗe 4-element MIMO MS eriya kuma ya kwatanta shi da sakamakon kwaikwaiyo na CST. An gano alamun gwaji iri ɗaya da lissafin CST, amma sun ɗan bambanta saboda lahani na masana'anta da haƙurin gwaji. Bugu da kari, hangen nesa na samfurin MIMO na tushen MS da aka gabatar ya rufe bakan 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz tare da bandwidth mai ƙarfi na 4.8 GHz, wanda ke nufin cewa aikace-aikacen 5G yana yiwuwa. Koyaya, mitar resonant da aka auna, bandwidth, da amplitude sun ɗan bambanta da sakamakon simintin CST. Lalacewar masana'anta, asarar haɗin haɗin gwiwar coax-to-SMA, da saitin aunawa na waje na iya haifar da bambance-bambance tsakanin sakamakon da aka auna da siminti. Koyaya, duk da waɗannan gazawar, MIMO da aka gabatar tana aiki da kyau, tana ba da yarjejeniya mai ƙarfi tsakanin simila da ma'auni, yana sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen mara waya ta 6 GHz 5G.
An nuna simulators da aka lura da madaidaicin ribar eriya ta MIMO a cikin Figures 2 da 2. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Figures 16a,b da 17a,b, bi da bi, ana nuna hulɗar juna na abubuwan MIMO. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da metasurfaces zuwa eriyar MIMO, keɓancewa tsakanin eriya ta MIMO yana haɓaka sosai. Makircin keɓewa tsakanin abubuwan eriya masu kusa S12, S14, S23 da S34 suna nuna nau'ikan masu lankwasa iri ɗaya, yayin da eriya na MIMO S13 da S42 ke nuna irin wannan babban keɓe saboda nisa mafi girma a tsakanin su. Siffofin watsawa da aka kwaikwayi na eriya masu kusa ana nuna su a hoto na 16a. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin bakan aiki na 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz, ƙaramin keɓewar eriyar MIMO ba tare da metasurface ba shine -13.6 dB, kuma don metasurface tare da jirgin baya - 15.5 dB. Makircin riba (Hoto 16a) yana nuna cewa metasurface na baya baya yana haɓaka keɓancewa tsakanin abubuwan eriya ta MIMO idan aka kwatanta da metasurface-ɗaya-da-layi-biyu. Akan abubuwan eriya masu kusa, metasurfaces guda-da-Layi-Layi-Layi suna ba da mafi ƙarancin keɓewa na kusan -13.68 dB da -14.78 dB, kuma metasurface na baya na jan karfe yana ba da kusan -15.5 dB.
Simulated keɓewar abubuwan MIMO ba tare da Layer MS ba kuma tare da Layer MS: (a) S12, S14, S34 da S32 da (b) S13 da S24.
Matsakaicin riba na gwaji na eriyar MIMO na tushen MS ba tare da tare da: (a) S12, S14, S34 da S32 da (b) S13 da S24.
Eriya diagonal na MIMO yana ƙulla makirci kafin da kuma bayan ƙara ƙirar MS a cikin Hoto 16b. Yana da kyau a lura cewa mafi ƙarancin keɓewa tsakanin eriya diagonal ba tare da metasurface ba (antennas 1 da 3) shine - 15.6 dB a cikin bakan aiki, kuma metasurface tare da jirgin baya shine - 18 dB. Hanyar metasurface yana rage tasirin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin eriya ta MIMO diagonal. Matsakaicin insulate don metasurface mai Layer guda ɗaya shine -37 dB, yayin da metasurface mai Layer biyu wannan ƙimar ta faɗi zuwa -47 dB. Matsakaicin keɓewar metasurface tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe shine -36.2 dB, wanda ke raguwa tare da haɓaka mitar mita. Idan aka kwatanta da metasurfaces guda ɗaya da biyu ba tare da jirgin baya ba, metasurfaces tare da jirgin baya suna ba da keɓance mafi girma a duk kewayon mitar aiki da ake buƙata, musamman a cikin kewayon 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz, kamar yadda aka nuna a Figures 16a, b. A cikin mafi mashahuri kuma mafi yawan amfani da 5G band kasa da 6 GHz (3.5 GHz), metasurfaces guda-da kuma dual-Layer metasurfaces suna da ƙananan warewa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO fiye da metasurfaces tare da jiragen baya na jan karfe (kusan babu MS) (duba Hoto 16a), b) . Ana nuna ma'aunin riba a cikin Figures 17a, b, yana nuna keɓewar eriyar da ke kusa (S12, S14, S34 da S32) da eriyar diagonal (S24 da S13), bi da bi. Kamar yadda ake iya gani daga waɗannan ƙididdiga (Fig. 17a, b), keɓancewar gwaji tsakanin abubuwan MIMO sun yarda da warewa da aka kwaikwayi. Kodayake akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance tsakanin simintin da auna ƙimar CST saboda lahani na masana'anta, haɗin tashar tashar SMA da asarar waya. Bugu da kari, eriya da MS reflector suna tsakanin nailan spacers, wanda wani batu ne da ke shafar sakamakon da aka lura idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon kwaikwayo.
yayi nazarin rarrabawar saman yanzu a 5.5 GHz don tantance rawar metasurfaces wajen rage haɗakar juna ta hanyar kawar da igiyar ruwa42. Ana nuna rabe-raben saman na yanzu na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara a cikin Hoto na 18, inda ake kora eriya 1 kuma an ƙare sauran eriyar tare da nauyin 50 ohm. Lokacin da eriya 1 ta sami kuzari, manyan igiyoyin haɗin gwiwar juna za su bayyana a eriyar da ke kusa da 5.5 GHz in babu metasurface, kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto 18a. Akasin haka, ta hanyar amfani da metasurfaces, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin siffa 18b-d, an inganta warewa tsakanin eriya da ke kusa. Ya kamata a lura cewa za'a iya rage girman tasirin haɗin gwiwar juna ta filayen da ke kusa ta hanyar yaɗa haɗakarwa na yanzu zuwa zoben da ke kusa da naúrar sel da maƙwabtan MS naúrar sel tare da layin MS a cikin kwatance. Allurar halin yanzu daga eriya da aka rarraba zuwa raka'a MS hanya ce mai mahimmanci don haɓaka keɓance tsakanin abubuwan MIMO. A sakamakon haka, haɗin haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan MIMO ya ragu sosai, kuma keɓewar kuma yana inganta sosai. Saboda filin hada-hadar ya yadu a cikin kashi, metasurface na baya na jan karfe ya keɓe taron eriya na MIMO fiye da metasurfaces-ɗaya-dabiyu (Hoto na 18d). Haka kuma, eriyar MIMO da ta haɓaka tana da ƙarancin yaɗa baya da yaɗuwar gefe, tana samar da tsarin radiyo na unidirectional, ta haka yana haɓaka ribar eriyar MIMO da aka tsara.
Tsarin saman na yanzu na eriyar MIMO da aka ƙaddamar a 5.5 GHz (a) ba tare da MC ba, (b) MC mai Layer guda ɗaya, (c) MC mai Layer biyu, da (d) MC mai Layer guda ɗaya tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe. (CST Studio Suite 2019).
A cikin mitar aiki, Hoto na 19a yana nuna simulators da abubuwan da aka lura na eriyar MIMO da aka ƙera ba tare da tare da metasurfaces ba. Ribar da aka samu na eriyar MIMO ba tare da metasurface ba shine 5.4 dBi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto 19a. Saboda tasirin haɗin gwiwar juna tsakanin abubuwan MIMO, eriyar MIMO da aka tsara a zahiri ta sami 0.25 dBi mafi girma fiye da eriya ɗaya. Ƙarin metasurfaces na iya ba da gagarumar riba da keɓewa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO. Don haka, eriyar Metasurface MIMO da aka tsara na iya cimma babban fa'ida har zuwa 8.3 dBi. Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 19a, lokacin da aka yi amfani da metasurface guda ɗaya a bayan eriyar MIMO, riba yana ƙaruwa da 1.4 dBi. Lokacin da metasurface ya ninka sau biyu, riba yana ƙaruwa da 2.1 dBi, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 19a. Koyaya, ana samun madaidaicin ƙimar 8.3 dBi yayin amfani da metasurface tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe. Musamman ma, matsakaicin ribar da aka samu don metasurfaces mai Layer-Layer da biyu-Layer shine 6.8 dBi da 7.5 dBi, bi da bi, yayin da matsakaicin ribar da aka samu na metasurface-ƙasa shine 8.3 dBi. Layer na metasurface a gefen baya na eriya yana aiki azaman mai nuna haske, yana nuna haske daga gefen bayan eriyar da haɓaka rabon gaba-da-baya (F/B) na eriyar MIMO da aka ƙera. Bugu da kari, babban mai nuna rashin ƙarfi na MS yana sarrafa igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki a cikin lokaci, ta haka ne ke haifar da ƙarin ƙara da haɓaka aikin radiation na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara. Mai nuna alamar MS da aka shigar a bayan eriyar MIMO na iya ƙara yawan riba da aka samu, wanda aka tabbatar ta sakamakon gwaji. Abubuwan da aka gani da kwaikwayi na eriyar MIMO da aka haɓaka kusan iri ɗaya ne, duk da haka, a wasu mitoci ribar da aka auna ta fi yadda ake siminti, musamman ga MIMO ba tare da MS ba; Waɗannan bambance-bambancen ribar gwaji sun samo asali ne saboda jure jurewar ma'aunin nailan, asarar kebul, da haɗawa cikin tsarin eriya. Mafi girman ƙimar eriyar MIMO ba tare da metasurface ba shine 5.8 dBi, yayin da metasurface tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe shine 8.5 dBi. Yana da kyau a lura cewa cikakken tsarin eriya na tashar MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa 4 tare da mai nuna MS yana nuna babban riba a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji da lambobi.
Kwaikwayo da sakamakon gwaji na (a) nasarar da aka samu da (b) gabaɗayan aikin eriyar MIMO da aka tsara tare da tasirin metasurface.
Hoto na 19b yana nuna gaba ɗaya aikin tsarin MIMO da aka tsara ba tare da kuma tare da na'urori masu nunin faifai ba. A cikin Hoto 19b, mafi ƙarancin inganci ta amfani da MS tare da jirgin baya ya wuce 73% (har zuwa 84%). Haɓaka gabaɗayan ingantattun eriyar MIMO ba tare da MC ba kuma tare da MC kusan iri ɗaya ne tare da ƙananan bambance-bambance idan aka kwatanta da ƙimar simulators. Dalilan wannan shine jurewar aunawa da amfani da masu sarari tsakanin eriya da mai nuna MS. Ma'aunin da aka auna da kuma ingancin gabaɗaya a duk faɗin mitar kusan sun yi kama da sakamakon simintin, yana nuna cewa aikin samfurin MIMO da aka tsara ya kasance kamar yadda ake tsammani kuma eriyar MIMO da aka ba da shawarar MS ta dace da sadarwar 5G. Saboda kurakurai a cikin binciken gwaji, bambance-bambance sun kasance tsakanin sakamakon gaba ɗaya na gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje da sakamakon siminti. Ayyukan samfurin da aka tsara yana shafar rashin daidaituwa tsakanin eriya da mai haɗin SMA, asarar haɗin kebul na coaxial, tasirin siyarwa, da kusancin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban zuwa saitin gwaji.
Hoto na 20 yana kwatanta ƙira da haɓaka haɓakar eriyar da aka faɗi a cikin sigar toshe zane. Wannan zane-zane na toshe yana ba da bayanin mataki-mataki na ƙa'idodin ƙirar eriya ta MIMO, da kuma sigogi waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka eriya don cimma babban fa'idar da ake buƙata da babban keɓewa akan mitar aiki mai faɗi.
An auna ma'aunin eriya na MIMO na kusa a cikin muhallin gwaji na kusa-Field na SATIMO a dakin gwaje-gwajen Tsarin-Filin Kusa da UKM SATIMO. Figures 21a,b suna kwatanta simulators da kuma lura E-jirgin sama da kuma H-plane radiation alamu na da'awar eriyar MIMO tare da kuma ba tare da MS a mitar aiki na 5.5 GHz. A cikin kewayon mitar aiki na 5.5 GHz, haɓakar eriyar MIMO wacce ba ta MS ba tana ba da daidaitaccen tsarin radiyo na biyu tare da ƙimar lobe na gefe. Bayan yin amfani da mai nuna alamar MS, eriya tana ba da tsarin radiyo na unidirectional kuma yana rage matakin lobes na baya, kamar yadda aka nuna a Figures 21a, b. Ya kamata a lura da cewa ta amfani da metasurface tare da jirgin baya na jan karfe, tsarin eriyar MIMO da aka tsara ya fi kwanciyar hankali kuma ba tare da MS ba, tare da ƙananan baya da lobes na gefe. Matsakaicin tsararren tsararrun MM da aka ba da shawarar yana rage lobes na baya da gefen eriya kuma yana haɓaka halayen radiation ta hanyar jagorantar halin yanzu a cikin jagorar unidirectional (Fig. 21a, b), ta haka yana haɓaka riba da kai tsaye. An samo ma'auni na radiation mai auna don tashar jiragen ruwa 1 tare da nauyin 50 ohm da aka haɗa da sauran tashoshin jiragen ruwa. An lura cewa tsarin gwajin gwajin ya kusan kama da wanda CST ya kwaikwaya, ko da yake akwai wasu sabani saboda rashin daidaituwar bangaren, tunani daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa, da hasara a cikin haɗin kebul. Bugu da ƙari, an saka nailan spacer tsakanin eriya da mai nuna alamar MS, wanda wani lamari ne da ke shafar sakamakon da aka lura idan aka kwatanta da sakamakon da aka annabta.
An ƙirƙira ƙirar radiation na eriyar MIMO da aka haɓaka (ba tare da MS ba kuma tare da MS) a mitar 5.5 GHz kuma an gwada shi.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa keɓantawar tashar jiragen ruwa da halayen haɗin gwiwa suna da mahimmanci yayin kimanta aikin tsarin MIMO. Ana gwada bambancin aikin tsarin MIMO da aka tsara, gami da haɗin haɗin ambulaf (ECC) da ribar bambancin (DG), don kwatanta ƙarfin tsarin eriya ta MIMO. Ana iya amfani da ECC da DG na eriyar MIMO don kimanta aikinta kamar yadda suke da muhimman al'amura na aikin tsarin MIMO. Sassan da ke gaba za su yi daki-daki ga waɗannan fasalulluka na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara.
Haɗin haɗin ambulaf (ECC). Lokacin yin la'akari da kowane tsarin MIMO, ECC yana ƙayyadaddun matakin da abubuwan da ke tattare da su ke daidaitawa da juna dangane da takamaiman kaddarorin su. Don haka, ECC yana nuna matakin keɓewar tashoshi a cikin hanyar sadarwar sadarwar mara waya. Ana iya ƙaddara ECC (madaidaicin ambulaf) na tsarin MIMO da aka haɓaka bisa ga ma'aunin S-da kuma fitar da fili mai nisa. Daga Eq. (7) da (8) ana iya ƙayyade ECC na eriyar MIMO da aka tsara 31.
Ƙwararren tunani yana wakilta ta Sii kuma Sij yana wakiltar adadin watsawa. Alamun radiyo mai girma uku na eriyar j-th da i-th ana bayar da su ta kalmomin \(\vec{R}_{j} \hagu({\theta,\varphi} \dama)\) da \( \vec {{R_{ i }}} kusurwa mai ƙarfi da ke wakilta ta \ hagu ( {\theta , \varphi } \ dama) \) da \({\Omega }\). An nuna madaidaicin ECC na eriyar da aka tsara a cikin Hoto 22a kuma ƙimar sa bai wuce 0.004 ba, wanda yayi ƙasa da ƙimar karɓuwa na 0.5 don tsarin mara waya. Sabili da haka, ƙimar ECC da aka rage yana nufin cewa tsarin MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa 4 da aka tsara yana ba da mafi girman bambancin43.
Diversity Gain (DG) DG wani ma'aunin aikin tsarin MIMO ne wanda ke bayyana yadda tsarin bambancin ya shafi wutar lantarki. Dangantaka (9) yana ƙayyade DG na tsarin eriyar MIMO da ake haɓaka, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin 31.
Hoto na 22b yana nuna zanen DG na tsarin MIMO da aka tsara, inda darajar DG ta kusa kusa da 10 dB. Ma'aunin DG na duk eriya na tsarin MIMO da aka tsara ya wuce 9.98 dB.
Tebur 1 yana kwatanta eriyar MIMO mai tsauri da aka tsara tare da tsarin MIMO mai kama da kwanan nan. Kwatankwacin yana yin la'akari da sigogin ayyuka daban-daban, gami da bandwidth, riba, matsakaicin keɓewa, ingantaccen aiki gabaɗaya, da ayyuka iri-iri. Masu bincike sun gabatar da nau'ikan eriya na MIMO daban-daban tare da riba da dabarun haɓakawa na keɓancewa a cikin 5, 44, 45, 46, 47. Idan aka kwatanta da ayyukan da aka buga a baya, tsarin MIMO da aka gabatar tare da masu nuna alamun metasurface ya fi su cikin sharuddan bandwidth, riba, da keɓewa. Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da makamantan eriya da aka ruwaito, tsarin MIMO da aka haɓaka yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki iri-iri da ingantaccen aiki gabaɗaya a ƙaramin girman. Kodayake eriya da aka kwatanta a Sashe na 5.46 suna da keɓance mafi girma fiye da eriyar da muke samarwa, waɗannan eriya suna fama da girman girma, ƙarancin riba, kunkuntar bandwidth, da ƙarancin aikin MIMO. Eriyar MIMO mai tashar 4-tashar da aka gabatar a cikin 45 tana nuna babban riba da inganci, amma ƙirar sa tana da ƙarancin keɓewa, babban girman, da ƙarancin aiki iri-iri. A gefe guda, ƙananan tsarin eriya da aka tsara a cikin 47 yana da ƙananan riba da bandwidth aiki, yayin da tsarin mu na MS na tushen 4-tashar MIMO yana nuna ƙananan girman, babban riba, babban keɓewa da mafi kyawun aiki MIMO. Don haka, eriyar MIMO da aka tsara na iya zama babban mai fafutuka don tsarin sadarwa na sub-6 GHz 5G.
Eriyar MIMO mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai fa'ida mai tashar jiragen ruwa guda huɗu tare da babban riba da keɓewa an ba da shawarar tallafawa aikace-aikacen 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz. Layin microstrip yana ciyar da sashin murabba'i mai haskakawa, wanda wani murabba'i ya yanke shi a sasanninta na diagonal. Ana aiwatar da ƙaddamarwar MS da eriya emitter akan kayan ƙasa mai kama da Rogers RT5880 don cimma kyakkyawan aiki a cikin tsarin sadarwar 5G mai sauri. Eriyar MIMO tana da fa'ida mai fa'ida da riba mai yawa, kuma tana ba da keɓewar sauti tsakanin abubuwan MIMO da ingantaccen inganci. Eriyar da aka haɓaka tana da ƙaramin girman 0.58?0.58?0.02? tare da 5 × 5 metasurface tsararru, samar da fadi da 4.56 GHz aiki bandwidth, 8 dBi ganiya riba da m auna yadda ya dace. Eriyar MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa huɗu da aka tsara (2 × 2 tsararru) an ƙirƙira ta ta hanyar daidaita kowane eriya ɗaya da aka tsara tare da wata eriya tare da girman 1.05λ × 1.05λ × 0.02λ. Ana ba da shawarar a haɗa tsararrun 10 × 10 MM a ƙarƙashin eriyar MIMO mai tsayi 12mm, wanda zai iya rage hasken baya da rage haɗin gwiwa tsakanin abubuwan MIMO, ta haka inganta riba da keɓewa. Sakamakon gwaji da kwaikwayi sun nuna cewa ƙirar MIMO da aka haɓaka na iya aiki a cikin kewayon mitar 3.08-7.75 GHz, yana rufe bakan 5G da ke ƙasa da 6 GHz. Bugu da ƙari, eriyar MIMO na tushen MS da aka tsara ta inganta riba ta 2.9 dBi, yana samun matsakaicin riba na 8.3 dBi, kuma yana ba da kyakkyawar keɓewa (> 15.5 dB) tsakanin abubuwan MIMO, yana tabbatar da gudunmawar MS. Bugu da kari, eriyar MIMO da aka tsara tana da matsakaicin matsakaicin inganci gabaɗaya na 82% da ƙaramin tazarar tsaka-tsaki na 22 mm. Eriya tana nuna kyakkyawan aikin bambancin MIMO gami da babban DG (sama da 9.98 dB), ƙarancin ECC (kasa da 0.004) da ƙirar radiyo ta unidirectional. Sakamakon aunawa yayi kama da sakamakon kwaikwayo. Waɗannan halayen sun tabbatar da cewa tsarin eriyar MIMO mai tashar jiragen ruwa huɗu na iya zama zaɓi mai dacewa don tsarin sadarwar 5G a cikin kewayon mitar GHz-6 GHz.
Cowin na iya samar da eriyar PCB mai faɗin 400-6000MHz, da goyan baya don ƙirƙira sabon eriya gwargwadon buƙatun ku, da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu ba tare da jinkiri ba idan kuna da wata bukata.