Menene sarkar siginar 5G NR Wave?

Sigina na igiyoyin milmita suna ba da faffadan bandwidth mai faɗi da ƙimar bayanai mafi girma fiye da ƙananan sigina. Dubi siginar siginar gabaɗaya tsakanin eriya da maɗaurin gindin dijital.
Sabuwar rediyon 5G (5G NR) tana ƙara mitoci na mitoci zuwa na'urorin salula da cibiyoyin sadarwa. Tare da wannan ya zo da sarkar siginar RF-zuwa-baseband da abubuwan haɗin da ba a buƙata don mitoci ƙasa da 6 GHz. Yayin da mitar igiyar ruwa ta millimeter a fasaha ta ke da kewayo daga 30 zuwa 300 GHz, don dalilai na 5G suna yin tsayi daga 24 zuwa 90 GHz, amma yawanci kololuwa a kusan 53 GHz. Tun da farko ana tsammanin aikace-aikacen igiyar milmita za su samar da saurin bayanai kan wayoyin hannu a cikin birane, amma tun daga lokacin sun koma manyan abubuwan amfani da yawa kamar filayen wasa. Hakanan ana amfani dashi don kafaffen hanyar shiga mara waya (FWA) sabis na intanit da cibiyoyin sadarwa masu zaman kansu.
Babban fa'idodin 5G mmWave Babban kayan aiki na 5G mmWave yana ba da damar manyan canja wurin bayanai (10 Gbps) tare da bandwidth na tashar har zuwa 2 GHz (ba tare da tara mai ɗauka ba). Wannan fasalin ya fi dacewa da cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da manyan buƙatun canja wurin bayanai. 5G NR kuma yana ba da damar rashin jinkiri saboda mafi girman ƙimar canja wurin bayanai tsakanin hanyar sadarwar hanyar rediyo ta 5G da cibiyar sadarwar. Cibiyoyin sadarwar LTE suna da latency na millise seconds 100, yayin da hanyoyin sadarwar 5G suna da latency na millise seconds 1 kacal.
Menene ke cikin sarkar siginar mmWave? Ma'anar mitar rediyo (RFFE) gabaɗaya an bayyana shi azaman komai tsakanin eriya da tsarin dijital na baseband. Yawancin lokaci ana kiran RFFE azaman ɓangaren analog-to-dijital na mai karɓa ko watsawa. Hoto 1 yana nuna tsarin gine-gine da ake kira juyawa kai tsaye (sifili IF), wanda mai sauya bayanai ke aiki kai tsaye akan siginar RF.
Hoto 1. Wannan 5G mmWave shigar da siginar siginar gine-gine yana amfani da samfurin RF kai tsaye; Babu inverter da ake buƙata (Hoto: taƙaitaccen bayanin).
Sarkar siginar siginar millimeter ta ƙunshi RF ADC, RF DAC, ƙarancin wucewar wucewa, amplifier mai ƙarfi (PA), dijital ƙasa da sama, matattarar RF, ƙaramin ƙarar ƙararrawa (LNA), da janareta na agogo na dijital ( CLK). Madaidaicin madauki/kulle mai sarrafa oscillator (PLL/VCO) yana samar da oscillator na gida (LO) don masu juyawa sama da ƙasa. Maɓalli (wanda aka nuna a Hoto 2) suna haɗa eriya zuwa sigina mai karɓa ko watsawa. Ba a nuna IC mai ƙyalli ba (BFIC), wanda kuma aka sani da kristal tsararru ko ƙirar katako. BFIC tana karɓar siginar daga mai canzawa kuma ta raba shi zuwa tashoshi da yawa. Hakanan yana da lokaci mai zaman kansa da samun iko akan kowane tashoshi don sarrafa katako.
Lokacin aiki a yanayin karɓa, kowane tashoshi kuma zai sami lokaci mai zaman kansa kuma zai sami iko. Lokacin da aka kunna downconverter, yana karɓar siginar kuma yana watsa ta ADC. A gaban panel akwai ginanniyar amplifier mai ƙarfi, LNA kuma a ƙarshe mai sauyawa. RFFE yana kunna PA ko LNA dangane da ko yana cikin yanayin watsawa ko yanayin karɓa.
Mai ɗaukar hoto Hoto 2 yana nuna misalin mai karɓar RF ta amfani da ajin IF tsakanin maɗaurin gindi da 24.25-29.5 GHz wave band. Wannan gine-gine yana amfani da 3.5 GHz a matsayin kafaffen IF.
Aiwatar da ababen more rayuwa mara waya ta 5G zai amfanar da masu samar da sabis da masu amfani sosai. Babban kasuwannin da aka yi amfani da su sune na'urorin watsa shirye-shiryen wayar hannu da na'urorin sadarwa na 5G don ba da damar Intanet na Abubuwa (IIOT). Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan yanayin kalaman milimita na 5G. A cikin labarai na gaba, za mu ci gaba da tattauna wannan batu kuma mu mai da hankali dalla-dalla kan abubuwa daban-daban na sarkar siginar 5G mmWave.
Suzhou Cowin yana ba da nau'ikan eriya ta wayar salula na RF 5G 4G LTE 3G 2G GSM GPRS, da goyan baya don zazzage tushe mafi kyawun aikin eriya akan na'urarka tare da samar da cikakken rahoton gwajin eriya, kamar VSWR, riba, inganci da ƙirar hasken 3D.